Louis Armstrong, Babe Ruth, Al Capone, Women Vote,
Charlie Chaplin, Mein Kampf, Sacco and Vanzetti

Prohibition, King Tut’s Tomb, Winnie-the-Pooh, Time,
Flappers, Lindbergh, Bubble Gum, Sliced Bread, and Houdini

BBC, League of Nations, Lie Detector, Jazz Singer,
Car Radio, Ragtime, Sigmund Freud, and Insulin

Reader’s Digest, Mickey Mouse, Oxford English Dictionary,
Stock Market, Picasso, Mussolini, Penicillin

CHORUSWe didn't start the fireIt was always burningSince the world's been turningWe didn't start the fireNo we didn't light itBut we tried to fight it
Louis Armstrong was an innovative performer who helped shift jazz from group improvisation to solo improvisation. He was known first as a cornet player, then as a flashy trumpet player, and finally for his raspy singing voice. Armstrong was very influential and has many awards and recognitions.
Babe Ruth was a baseball player in the twenties. He is considered to be the best baseball player ever in many circles. His homerun hitting abilities were unmatched by anyone during his time. He set many records in MLB, some of which are still standing today. He was one of the first players inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Al Capone was a famous gangster from Chicago during the Roaring Twenties and the Prohibition Era. He became known as Scarface because of some scars he received from a brawl in Brooklyn. He murdered men early in his life, and is part of the reason Chicago had such a bad name during the 1920’s.
Women Vote- Women got the right to vote after years of lobbying and many people giving their time and energy towards the cause. President Woodrow Wilson tried to push Congress to pass the bill that would become the 19th Amendment, and give women the right to vote in the U.S.
Charlie Chaplin was an English comedian who acted, composed music, mimed, and directed. He was popular near the beginning of the Hollywood Era, and is still looked at today as one of the best mimes ever to be filmed. His silent movies are still found commonly in video stores across the country.
Mein Kampf was a book written by Austrian Adolf Hitler, who went on to become the leader of Germany and a central part of World War II. It propagated many ideas of Hitler which were illustrated larger than life when he took over power in Germany and attempted to eliminate the Jews and those who were of the ‘inferior race.’
Sacco and Vanzetti were immigrants to America who were executed under questionable circumstances. Many people believe that they were innocent and should not have been executed. It is widely believed that there was not enough evidence to make such a decision, and people feel that they may have been executed simply because they were from parts of Europe which had a bad name in America at the time.
Prohibition was the attempt in America to eradicate the use of alcohol by making it illegal. However, it had the opposite effect as there was a rise in illegal selling and trading of moonshine all over the country. One city that is considered a center of this rebellion is Chicago. Al Capone helped create this anarchy and lack of law enforcement that the Roaring Twenties became famous for- from illegal bars, to gangs, Prohibition seemed to magnify the situation.
King Tut’s Tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter. Most Egyptian kings were buried in pyramids, and many of the artifacts were stolen or destroyed by the time archaeologists got to them. It was an important find because the tomb was still sealed, and therefore the artifacts were all there in their original position, which gave archaeologists a better look at Egyptian kings than was available previously.
Winnie-the-Pooh is a children’s story which was written by A. A. Milne. The story originally came out of his son, Christopher Robin Milne, and his adventures with his stuffed animals. Many of his animals have the same names in the storybooks and movies that have been made since Winnie-the-Pooh was first published in a newspaper in 1925.
Time magazine was published on March 3, 1923. Time was started by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce. It was the first ever weekly news magazine in the United States. Time attempts to tell the news through writing about people. Many of the covers feature one person, and the first person ever to appear on the magazine was Joseph G. Cannon.
Flappers were the new breed of women in the 1920’s who wore shorter skirts than was considered acceptable, bobbed their hair, drinking, smoking, listened to jazz, used excessive makeup, drove cars, and treated sex casually. Basically they ignored all social norms and showed their dislike for accepted behavior.
Lindbergh was the first person to fly across the Atlantic in an airplane. He made the flight from New York to Paris in the one-seating plane, Spirit of St. Louis. Charles Lindbergh made the flight on May 20-21, 1927. Lindbergh used his overnight fame to promote U.S. aviation through the 1930’s and 1940’s.
Bubble Gum was perfected in the 1920’s by a man who worked for Fleet Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. His name was Walter Diemer. He was an accountant, but in his spare time he played around with new bubble gum recipes. Every other early form of bubble gum was too sticky and broke easily. This new form discovered by Diemer was not sticky and it did not break easily.
Sliced Bread is a ‘loaf of bread which has been pre-sliced for convenience. The first sliced bread was sold in 1928 by Chillicothe Baking Company. Sliced bread was then a competing industry, and companies raced to create the best storage device for the bread. After slicing the bread, companies needed to figure out a way to keep the bread together so that it would not spoil as quickly.
Houdini was a well-known escape artist, magician, stunt performer, film producer, actor, and investigator of spiritualists. He is widely regarded as the best escape artist ever. He died in 1926 as a result of apparent appendicitis. It is widely speculated that the appendicitis was a result of a student from McGill University hitting him to test Houdini’s claim of being able to withstand any hit.
BBC stands for British Broadcasting Corporation. BBC was started in 1922 by a group of telecommunication companies to broadcast experimental radio services. In 1927 BBC was granted a Royal Charter and ceased to be a privately owned business. Today BBC is known as a reliable source whose purpose is to educate, inform and entertain.
The League of Nations was the international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. The goals of the League of Nations included disarmament, preventing war between nations, improving quality of life throughout the world, and settling disputes through diplomacy rather than war.
Lie Detectors were not used often because of their unreliability. In 1920, a device was developed that recorded both blood pressure responses and galvanic skin response of the patient. The device was first used in Berkeley, California under the command of nationally renowned police chief August Vollmer.
Jazz Singer was a major breakthrough in the movie business. It represented the shift from the old silent movies into the new age of talking movies. The movie had the words synchronized to the movement of the actors. This was the beginning of a new era for the movie business and it set the stage for many more breakthroughs soon to come.
Car Radio was developed in the Roaring Twenties, although it was not available to the average person until later. The car radio allowed people to listen to the radio while they were on the move from one place to another. It was a huge breakthrough because the radio needed to be downsized in order to fit in the car. Many of the radios of the 1920’s were big and bulky, so it was a breakthrough to even think about putting a radio in the car.
Ragtime was a form of American music which set the stage for many movements which in the Twenties were considered somewhat radical. Scott Joplin is considered the king of ragtime. His radical ragtime rampages set the stage for jazz and blues music to come.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian psychologist who developed many theories which were radical for his era. Although a large portion of these theories have been proven invalid, some of his theories persist. He is still considered an important psychologist because of his breakthroughs, particularly in the area of defense mechanisms, sexual desires, and psychoanalysis.
Insulin is ‘a hormone with extensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems.’ It had been experimented with before, but it was not until the Roaring Twenties that it was discovered to be a cure for diabetes. J. J. R. Macleod was the man who discovered the relation to diabetes.
Reader’s Digest is a general interest, family friendly magazine which was founded in 1922 by Lila Bell Wallace and DeWitt Wallace. Reader’s Digest became a great success, and eventually went international. Today, sales have declined but it is still among the most sold magazines in the history of the world.
Mickey Mouse’s birthday is November 18, 1928. That is the date that Steamboat Willie was released. Mickey Mouse has gone from a cartoon character to a symbol for the company that owns his name, Disney. Mickey’s original name was Mortimer Mouse, but thankfully Walt Disney’s wife told him that Mortimer was not a good name choice.
The Oxford English Dictionary was first published in 1928. The dictionary had been a work which had been in the process for a while, and once it was published, Oxford University was finished with the project. However, time went on and the English language continued to change. The dictionary has had revisions since 1928, adding new words and updating outdated ones.
The Stock Market was a central figure in the Roaring Twenties, especially as the thirties approached. Although the Stock Market is remembered by the crash of 1929, the Stock Market was a symbol of wealth and success. People were making more money and new things were being developed, so people could afford to invest their money into stocks.
Picasso was a famous artist from Spain. He produced modern forms of art which were radical expressions. The prices of his paintings today vary, but some of his paintings have been sold for 45 million dollars, 95 million dollars, and 105 million dollars.
Mussolini was the leader of Italy during World War II. His rise to power occurred during the 1920’s. He became the Prime Minister of Italy in 1922, and stayed in power in Italy until his death in 1945, at the end of World War II.
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. Penicillin was a huge breakthrough for medicine, although the people who worked on extracting it were not working on the project for suffering people. Many of them were only working on it because it was an interesting scientific exercise says Australian Nobel Laureate Howard Florey.

I don't feel very good. It might just be from the cold weather and stuff, or maybe just because this hasn't been the best day every. All I know is that I don't feel as good as I normally do. The weather people said that we might get some snow/freezing rain. In northern PA and NY there was a bunch of snow today. As of right now all we have gotten is a bunch of rain. Which is pretty miserable, because it is windy and I don't like wind. I'm supposed to do prelude and offertory for church this week, but I don't have anything prepared. And I don't really feel like getting anything ready right now. This could turn out badly. One week until showtime!

The Phillies are up 2-1 right now. Hopefully they can pull out the win so they can win the World Series in Philly. Otherwise they will need to go back down to Florida. That would not be cool. So let's go Phillies! Next week is our show week for Arsenic and Old Lace. We still do not have all of our lines down, but it is coming together and it should be a good show. Okay now the Phillies are tied 2-2. And now they are up to bat again. Come on Phils, put another couple runs up and finish out the game strong. After that I'm not sure what I will do after school. I might start working out again, because I should probably do that. We will see. Until then, I need to memorize my lines. And the Phillies need to win the World Series. Then everything will be good.

Chris Rock was on David Letterman about a month ago, and he says that when he hangs out with Bill Clinton he tries to stay away from the smart topics because he isn't that smart. Chris also said Bill needs to get over himself because Hillary lost the election. He says it wasn't sexism that lost the election, because she lost to a 'black guy nobody heard of.' Rock says he is out on the front line every day. He says that he was shooting for an HBO special all over the world, and he discovered that the dollar was worthless. Chris Rock was on the same night as Bill Clinton.

We tried to get onto this one website, and it didn't work because it was blocked. So that isn't cool. And now I am blogging. Because Mr. Miller is doing relaxation techniques. Deaven brought cookies in today. I didn't eat one yet. Maybe I will. I don't know. The Phillies won last night. That is a really good thing. I am happy about that. People bother me. Just saying. I guess I shouldn't say too much more or I could get myself in trouble. Larry Johnson isn't playing this Sunday to give him a chance to get his life back on track. Because he says he wants to. We'll see if that actually happens. It would be nice to see a professional sports star do the right thing for once. Mr. Miller is writing about us on the smart board. This is a good class. I like it a lot.

WHY?

One of the most amazing couples in that I know are going through a tough time in their life. This couple got married a few years ago, and they were the picture perfect couple. It appeared that they were destined for a lifelong marriage of incredible closeness and friendship. Less than one year later, Jen began having grandma seizures. Debilitating seizures that left her unable to function. Ryan stood by her every step of the way. He carried her around the house, did all the laundry and dishes after working a full time job. She couldn't even do her work, she had to stay home. It was a tough time, but Ryan stuck by her and supported her in every way. About six months ago Jen had surgery and the part of her brain that was supposedly causing the seizures was taken out. The procedure can never be repeated. In July she had another huge seizure, and two weeks ago she had yet another one. The surgery was an extreme one; they didn't know what they would do if the surgery didn't work. And now she is having more problems. Ryan is working a full-time job at EMM as the head of DM. And it is really hard for him to go through this with his wife, and to see her suffer so much. It doesn't make sense to me. WHY DO THINGS LIKE THIS HAPPEN?

Everyone has to do their psychology project. And I can sit here and laugh because I did it last year. And they all laughed then, so I think that gives me every right to laugh now. I got accepted at another college I applied to. And I got a pretty nice scholarship, so that's cool. I still haven't finished all of my applications. I really need to get on that.

The Concept of Belief
Since the beginning of mankind, belief has caused war after war and split after split. According to Wikipedia, belief is “the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.” To a high degree, belief is subject to the upbringing and surroundings of the believer. There is no ‘absolute belief’ existing in the world today. Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary defines belief as “a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing.” This removes any thought that belief is reserved to religion. While belief is a large part of religion, it is also a huge part of a non-religious person’s life. Belief is difficult to define and remains vague in most definitions because each person believes something different from the person next to them.
In his song Belief, John Mayer sings about how much belief can affect us and how dangerous it can be if we are not careful. ‘What puts a hundred thousand children in the sand/ Belief can, Belief can/ What puts the folded flag inside his mother's hand/ Belief can, Belief can.’ Our beliefs can have drastic impacts on the world and other people. According to one of the most common interpretations of this lyric, the sand stands for the Middle East and the folded flag inside his mother’s hand stands for all of the soldiers who have been killed in the War on Terror. Using this interpretation, Mayer is saying our belief that democracy is the best way and thinking we (U.S. citizens) have the answers can be dangerous. Our country moved into Afghanistan and Iraq with the belief that we were setting those

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people free. Instead, thousands and thousands of innocent people were killed, and the problems are still not solved.
At another point in the song Mayer implies that everyone has beliefs and no one wants to step down and lose them. He goes on to say, ‘We’re never gonna win the world/ We’re never gonna stop the war/ We’re never gonna beat this if belief is what we’re fighting for.’ Since everyone has their own beliefs specific to their surroundings, when we go into a war with the idea of giving someone else our beliefs it may not be possible to win.
Belief does not only relate to war and John Mayer songs. Religion is one of the most common forms of strong beliefs. Whether one has Muslim or Christian beliefs, or believes that no God exists at all, most people have a strong stance on religious beliefs. However, even within one religious group there can be many splits. In Christianity there are many splits in belief; Roman Catholic, Methodist, Mennonite, Brethren in Christ, the list goes on and on. History tells us that differences in religious beliefs can cause wars and persecution to the extreme. But belief is not only something radical and religious. It does not only cause war and pain.
Belief is a fundamental part of our everyday lives. We eat low fat foods because we believe that it will help our health. We sit down on a chair because we believe that it will support our weight. We pray because we believe God listens and will answer. We cheer for the Phillies because we believe this could be the year. But in each of these situations, someone else could have the opposite belief. For example, fans of the Devil Rays believe it is their year to win the World Series (although they are wrong), and atheists do not pray because they believe there is no God and therefore He will not answer. But what causes us to believe what we believe?
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Our parents and upbringing have a large hand in what we believe. Role models that we had as kids can shape our lives as we try to be more like those people. Young minds are the most impressionable, so when we see our role model saying something we believe it must be right. The society in which we grow up also greatly affects our belief. Growing up in a twenty-first century U.S. leads us to believe that even the moon is not really that far away. It takes only slightly over half a day to travel to the other side of the world. But at the same time in a primitive, remote village in Nepal the other side of the world seems a lifetime’s journey away. The type of entertainment that surrounds us influences our beliefs more than we may even realize. So many factors go into determining our beliefs that it is not possible to expect two people to have identical beliefs.
Belief is an awesome and terrible thing. It is a characteristic that can distinguish one human from the next. It shapes our lives, our relationships, and our world. But it can cause tremendous damage when we try to force our beliefs onto another person. Our beliefs are the core of who we are, and while that is important to recognize, it is also essential that we remember that another person’s beliefs are the core of who they are as well. Max Born said, “The belief that there is only one truth, and that oneself is in possession of it, is the root of all evil in the world.” But we need belief in our lives. As Israeli heroin Hannah Szenes said, “One needs something to believe in, something for which one can have whole-hearted enthusiasm. One needs to feel that one's life has meaning, that one is needed in this world.”

I have really expensive taste. In shoes at least. I was in Boscov's buying dress shoes, and the prices were on the bottom of the shoe, so I couldn't see them. There was a sign that said the prices were from $39-99. Without looking at any prices, my favorite was the $99 shoe. Of course that would happen. Needless to say, I quickly found another favorite shoe that was half the price. Tonight is the homecoming dance. It looked really nice when we were setting up this morning, and it should be a fun time. I don't know if I am going to do anything afterwards or not. That will be a gametime decision I guess. Speaking of gametime, I think Penn State plays in about an hour.

This week has been a fun week. After my teeth began to hurt less anyway. I am actually looking forward to this afternoon and tonight at the football game should be fun. Tomorrow we have to decorate everything and get ready for the dance tomorrow night which should also be fun. Except the decorating part. I also need to get shoes for the dance. That would be tomorrow afternoon. Then I am going to go hang out with friends after the dance. Looks like a good weekend to me!

My mouth is very sore after a full day of school and doing stuff. I really cannot wait until my mouth goes back to normal and I don't have to take drugs to reduce the pain slightly. It is a horrible feeling, and I am probably a jerk to everyone. So to all of you, I am sorry for that. Once everything with my tooth implant gets completed I think it will be awesome, but until then the process stinks. Plus I can't eat real food, so that does nothing to improve the way I feel. In other news, the Phillies won last night in L.A.

There were quite a few upsets in the NFL yesterday. The Phillies lost too. They should win tonight, though. The Cowboys and Redskins both got beat by teams they should have destroyed. That is good news for Eagles fans, because the Eagles pulled out a win against the 49ers and are not as many games back in the division now. The Steelers had a bye week but are still strongly on top of the division. Today I need to write my political science paper as well as memorize lines for Arsenic and Old Lace, which shows in about three weeks. My teeth still hurt, and I am pretty sure that one of the stitches came out. Hopefully that is not a bad thing, because there is not much I can do about it at this point. I see the guy on Friday again, so if it is bad he can tell me then.

My mouth still hurts a bunch. I really hope the pain and swelling go away soon. Because it sucks. The Steelers don't play today, but I think the Phillies are in LA for game 3 tonight. Calvin and Hobbes is officially the best comic strip ever. It really is an incredible comic strip. I have watched movies and played video games and watched tv, and that is just about it for the past few days. Not exactly the way I like to spend my weekends. But I guess it is a good thing in the long run. This week is homecoming for us, so there should be a lot of fun stuff going on. I don't know what I'm going to do the rest of the day, but hopefully I find something fun to do because it's getting a little bit boring doing nothing and being in pain.

So oral surgery is definitely a bad thing. That is an official. My mouth hurts so much, and the pain killers aren't making it go away. Tomorrow it will hopefully feel better, but I still probably won't do too much. Maybe watch a few movies, play video games, watch tv, and eat yogurt. On Sunday I hope to actually do stuff, so I am really hoping that this pain disappears by then.
We won our last game last night against division rival Donegal 2-1. It was a great way to end our season, and as a senior it was a good way to end my career. We have the most phenomenal coaching staff ever, and I think that played a huge part in our good season. If these coaches are planning on sticking around, we could be looking at some fantastic teams over the next few years.

So now there is absolutely no chance of us going to districts. That was a disappointing loss last night. I wish we could have pulled out a stronger game against our county rivals. But the only thing we can do is put it behind us and finish the last two games strong, and hopefully upset the top of the table. The Steelers found a way to win this week. Actually they should have won by a lot more. Ben had about 250 passing yards in the first half alone. But because of other issues, it remained a close game. Eventually their line will probably catch up to them, but if they can keep pulling out wins their line may gel and even exceed expectations. I get surgery on Friday. Hopefully that goes well.

Yesterday was terrible. Except that we won the football game. Today I slept in, did some work around the house, and then went to LVC's soccer game against Albright. LVC won 5-2, which was awesome. Hopefully I can do something tonight, and tomorrow might be busy. This is the last week of soccer already. I can't believe it. I like our Homecoming song this year. It's So Close by Jon McLaughlin.

I need to edit and revise my English Comp paper that is due tomorrow. Soccer practice was pretty easy today, but it was really chilly. I hope we do better tomorrow than the last time we played Central. That was pretty humiliating. Next week we have three games and then our season is over. That is going to be weird. It has been an amazing year, helped out by the coaching staff being awesome. The team should be even better next year. Our football team needs to rebound after last weeks loss at Annville. That was not cool. I need to submit another college application.

We just lost our game. It was a pretty bad night overall. Hopefully tomorrow is a lot better. I need to go into school early for court pictures. But first I need to eat supper and decide what I am going to wear tomorrow. I am really sore, and I don't really feel like doing anything. It hurts every morning when I wake up, which is not fun. But soccer is an amazing sport and I'm going to miss it when this season is over.